Crater Lake Special Events Log

The Smith Brothers' Chronological History of Crater Lake National Park

1883

1883
Dr. J. S. Diller begins his first scientific explorations of the lake and the area. The first official lake soundings made. 1168 soundings show the lake to be 2008 feet deep. Dr. Diller names Cloudcap because of its high dome. The Wineglass is named because of its wine glass shape. Geology is to Everett Hayden assist Dr. Diller in his scientific explorations. They cut logs and tumble them over the cliffs, make a raft and paddle over to the island. Diller discovers the "back flow" near Cleetwood Cove which bears his name and is the first to advance the "collapse" of the mountains theory. He reasons that it was during the draining away a molten lava through subterranean passages which weekened the support of the peak and occasioned the ultimate distruction. Diller concludes that the top of the old volcano must have been engulfed.

1884

1884
Grayback Ridge is deforested by a great forest fire. If the named his descriptive of its appearance is seen from Fort Klamath.

1885

August 14, 1885
William Gladstone Steel, and John Breck, a druggist from Portland, and to other friends, head for Crater Lake, via Fort Klamath. There they meet Captain Clarence E. Dutton, also en-route to the lake. Steel spends the night at the Fort collecting and writing down Indian Legends as told by tribal storyteller's and a 0 C. Applegate." At Fort Klamath I met Allen David, chief of the Klamath Tribe of Indians, from whom I got the tradition of its discovery. He informed me that, many years ago, the Klamaths came suddenly upon the lake and at once realized that the Great Spirit dwelt their" ... Will Steel, from a speech given Jan. 3, 1917 at the National Parks Conference in Washington D.C.

August 15, 1885
Steel and Breck, anxious to reach the lake, leave the main body of Travelers as they leave Fort Klamath and hurry on ahead. When the two men finally spot the lake, the water is so blue they are startled. Standing speechless for several minutes, the two men stare at the spectacle before them. Finally Steel breaks the silence by saying," Johnny, there isn't a claim around or near the lake. It all belongs to the government it's up to you and me to save the lake." Breck replies," you are right, but how are we going to do it?" After several moments of silence Steel answers that the area should become a national park. Steel becomes so agitated by the idea that he becomes distressed. Thus begins will Steel's 49 year involvement with Crater Lake.

Captain Dutton soon arrives on the Rim, and Steel and Dutton spend many hours discussing the National Park idea as well as the Lake's mystery in inspiring beauty. The Captain suggests that they circulate a petition asking President Cleveland to set aside 10 townships as a public park.

" While standing on the Rim of the Lake with Prof. Joseph Le Conte, the thought occurred to me that no point around this wonderful cauldron had the hand of man yet desecrated it with peanuts stands or other marks of desolation and something should be done to forever save it for the people of this great country. How to accomplish this was the question, so I turned to the professor for counsel. We disgusted at length and finally decided the only way was to have a National Park created. Ways and means were discussed, and work of preparation commenced then in their. A petition to the President was prepared..." Will Steel, from a speech given Jan. 3, 1917 at the National Parks Conference in Washington D.C.

Steel names Llao Rock, elevation 8046 feet can 1869 feet above the lake, after the Indian deity, Llao, who was supposed to be the special guardian of the Lake. Steel recognizes the "Fire Bird" form of Llao Rock based on the Indian Legends that he had heard being told a campfire at Ft. Klamath the night before.

August 17, 1885
To learn more about the Lake, Captain Dutton launches a small, leaky, canvas boat to and the men of the expedition explore the shoreline and the island. Steel names several of the Lake's prominent features, including Wizard Island, "because of its weird appearance" and its resemblance to Wizard's hat. The crater at the top was named Witch's Cauldron.

August or September 1885
"When returning to Portland, I stopped in Roseburg to confer with Hon. Binger Hermann, Congressman from Oregon, in reference to having the land surrounding the Lake withdrawn from the market, with the intention of creating a National Park. A petition to President Cleveland was at once drawn up, and signed by Mr. Hermann. It was circulated by a large number of prominent citizens, and forwarded to its destination." (Steel,1891)

1886

Jan. 1886
I met Judge John B. Waldo, who asked me why I did not apply (for National Park protection) for the entire Cascade range. Taking in his irony, I made in a factitious reply, which he assured me that he was in dead earnest and ask me to call at his office, which I did. We talked the matter over at considerable length and I was deeply impressed with his knowledge of the situation in the value of such a move. (From this meeting came the movement to protect the Cascade Reserves which today are known as the National Forests.)

Jan. 18, 1886
Senator J.N. Dolph introduce his legislation in Congress to set aside Crater Lake has a National Park.

Jan. 21, 1886
The Hon. Binger Herman introduces a bill in Congress to set Crater Lake and five townships aside as a public park. Sen. Dolph's State Park bill passes the Senate, again in 1888, again in 1890 and also in 1892. The legislation is defeated each time in the House of Representatives.

Jan. 22, 1886
President Cleveland signs a presidential proclamation withdrawing from settlement 50 section of public domain including Diamond Lake Mt. Thielsen, but the proclamation leaves out the east rim of the Lake and Cloud Cap, due to a survey error that is later corrected.

July 4, 1886
Steel's "Cleetwood" Party leaves Portland by train and heads toward Crater Lake. Captain Dutton and ten soldiers arrive in Ashland to begin unloading the Cleetwood boat from its railroad car.

July 7, 1886
Steel picks up his boat, the Cleetwood and makes final preparations for the Lake's exploration. Steel soon leaves Ashland with 35 men and 65 horses and mules and the 26 foot Cleetwood, and two skiffs for a difficult 85 mile trip through the mountains to Crater Lake.

July 9, 1886
From the ROGUE COURIER "Three boats for Crater Lake, furnished by the government, passed up on a freight a few days ago."

July 13, 1886
The Cleetwood Party and Will Smith reach foot of grade leading to Crater Lake.

July 14, 1886
Steel's party begins ascent to Lake, arriving on the Rim at 10 a.m.

July 15, 1886
The launching of the boats commences. The first skiff is lowered into Lake at 3:00 p.m. and the second by 6:00 p.m.

July 16, 1886
Final preparations are made for lowering the Cleetwood.

July 17, 1886
At 7:30 a.m., the Cleetwood begins its descent behind the presents Lodge, near Garfield Trail. Fifteen men work 8 hours to launch the boat. Wizard Island is visited by both the Cleetwood and the two skiffs. The lowering of the Cleetwood: Weighed 900 pounds and was 26 feet long, construced of spruce and ash. Cleetwood Canyon, located behind the present lodge, was named by William Steel because this was the location where the Cleetwood was slid down to the lake. With the launching of the Cleetwood, soundings of the Lake are begun under the direction of Captain Clarence E. Dutton, Chief of the Geographical Survey Party. Captain George W. Davis spends the first day testing the effects of tension on the wire which is being used to sound lake. The Watchman Peak receives its name from the fact that "watchman" were stationed on its summit in order to determine the positions of the survey boats.

Will Steel remembers the launching as.: " On Saturday morning I stood on the snow bank with a watch in my hand and every man in his place. At exactly 8 o'clock I gave the word and all jumped to their positions and the serious launching was underway. For eight hours, without stopping to eat or otherwise, 16 men labored with every nerve strained in an earnest to desire to do his best. Then we found ourselves at the foot of the canyon, with the Cleetwood's nose projecting over an embankment 10 foot high, directly over the water, and not a foot of cable to be had. The oars were secured in the boat, a man sat in the stern bracing himself as best he could. With a single stroke the cable was cut, the boat shot forward and down and the man gathered himself up in the bow with blood upon his face and bruised all over, but the happiest man in Oregon, for, had he not driven the mules that drew the Cleetwood 100 miles into the mountains and finished the trip on the water? Was he the only man who never went from Ashland to Crater Lake by boat?"

July 18, 1886
A circuit is made of the Lake. The survey crew spends noon at Cleewood Cove, and 2:00 p.m. at the Grottoes.

July 19, 1886
Soundings of the Lake commences. Topographer Mark B. Kerr works on a map of the Lake and of the surrounding country. After 168 soundings are made, the maximum depth of the lake is determined to be 1,996 feet. Dutton declares the Lake to be the deepest lake in the country and the second deepest in the world.

July 1886
William G. Steel names Dutton Cliff for Captain Clarence E. Dutton. Had charge of the U.S. Geological Survey Crew, which made the first official survey of the Lake during the summer of 1886. Kerr Notch is also named for Mark B. Kerr, Chief Engineer for the Cleetwood Expedition. Kerr, an English, announced his name, "CAR".

Steel writes of his feelings of being at Crater Lake:" While at the Lake in 1885, I had a strong desire to go out upon its surface under favorable circumstances, but had no boat. As soon as they were launched in 1886, I began watching for a favorable opportunity and about the time of the full moon, I slipped out of camp one night, pulled out near the center and stopped for observation. There was not a breath of air stirring and reflections were as perfect as it could have been in a plate glass mirror. The walls were clearly outlined above the water and below were inverted, but just as clear. Upon yonder a full moon floated in the air and down below it was just as clear and beautiful. The North Star was clear above and below as were also the Pleasides. The Milky Way seemed clearer below than above. I was an atom in the center and an enormous sphere, looking up to the starry heavens and looking down at its counterpart. The shoreline and its reflection appeared as a great knothole, with creation above, the creation below. Did human eye holds such a sight? Why should I be favored? God in His infinite mercy permitting to look out upon his glorious works as never man did before. Why should I not be grateful?"

August 1886
Senator Dolph and Represenative Herman introduce identical bills to set Crater Lake aside is a "Public Park". The bills are not reported out of committee.

August 5, 1886
Dutton and Steel complete their work at Crater Lake. Lake depth is determined to the 2008 feet. The Gaywas (Giowy's) Rock named by Applegate. Later changed to Skell Head.
August 16, 1886
Ten names are carved into a rock near the summit of Wizard Island: Annie Shipley, E.V. Patterson, Sam Hodges, Maggie LInn, Tom and Minnie Ross, R.E. Ross, E.R .Reames, Abe Ross, F. Lynn.

1887

July 4, 1887
William Steel becomes the first person to successfully illuminate Mt. Hood with a "Red Fire". The light was seen in Portland.

October 1887
Will Steel organizes the Oregon Alpine Club in Portland. The Club is soon bankrupt.

Summer 1887
Ben Barton,, Box 365, Coquille, Oregon, tells the story of his father Jesse Sario Barton, Age 16, blazing his name on a tree near the Rim Village. Barton had come to the park with his stepfather, Dr. Nicolin and William Steel. (oral story told to the authors.)

Summer 1887
Judge John Waldo while on exploratory trip near Crater Lake, shoots two prong antelope in the Pumice Desert area.

1888

August 1888
William Steel plants the first fish in the Lake. Steel started with 200 fingerlings from the Rogue River and ended up planting 37. Steel carried the small tin bucket the entire 49 miles to Crater Lake because the swaying of the wagon would dump the water. The water in the bucket was refreshed frequently whenever he crossed a stream. By 1901, some of the fingerlings had reached a length of two and a half feet.

Anderson Springs named by Capitan O.C. Applegate for Frank M. Anderson, of the University of California with whom the Captain had circled the Rim crest of the lake on foot, the first to make the trip. (??) They camped late in the afternoon of the first day near Mt. Scott, with Anderson discovering this spring bearing his name.

Sen. Dolph introduces two bills to set aside Crater Lake as a State Park. The bills passed the Senate in 1890.

August 1888
Oregon State Supreme Court Justice, J. B. Waldo, along with William Taylor, and H. P. Minto, E. J. Humason, F. W. Isherwood, walked from Waldo Lake to Crater Lake along the crest of the Cascades carrying a canvas boat. Humason and Isherwood and carried the boat over the side of the Rim and assembled it at the Lake shore. Taylor and Waldo row to Wizard Island. It took two and a half hours to carry the boat back up to the Rim. Judge Waldo carry the gunwales and paddles. The party then continues on to the Sky Lakes area of South of Crater Lake.

1889

February 14, 1889
Judge John Waldo, member of the Oregon House, introduces a State Memorial petitioning Congress to establish a forest reserve or preserve along the crest of the Cascade Range. It was to be 12 miles on either side of the divide and was to be managed by a joint state and federal commission. The Memorial cited the low commercial value of the forest but the high value of its streams and Lakes. Eventually defeated by the grazing industry.(Williams 1991)

August 7 - 29, 1889
Party composed of Miss. Carrie Beakman of Jacksonville, Miss Nina Beekman of Dundee, NY, Miss Anna Breyman of Salem, OR, Prof. G.H. Watt, principal of Jacksonville Public Schools, Everit Mingus of Medford, K.K. Kubli and Fletcher Linn of Jacksonville, start on a "pleasure" trip to Crater Lake. Vehicles are large wagon for provisions, drawn by steady farm horses, and carriage drawn by a spirited livery team. (Fletcher Linn Diary, SOHS)

August 15, 1889
Fort Klamath is closed and abandoned. According to Fletcher Linn's Diary "Fort Klamath was built by (my) father during the Indian trouble of 1864."

(Next stop 1890's)

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